HOW TO CITE
This guide contains multiple examples for all four citation styles used at HCC: MLA, APA, Chicago, and the Journal of Wildlife Management. First, this is why you cite in the first place ...
Which citation style you use depends on your instructor and may vary by class, so ask them if you're unsure. Another excellent resource for MLA, APA, and Chicago citation tips is OWL. You'll probably need to use a DOI when you cite so if you 're wondering what that is, here's an explanation ...
And ask us at the library if you need help with citations. We can help you understand, create, and format them.
MLA Style
The Modern Language Association (MLA) style is mainly used for language arts and other humanities subjects. The MLA Manual 9th Edition is the latest release.
| MLA Books |
||
| Item type |
Bibliography |
In-text |
| Book, one author | Skorman, Stuart. Confessions of a Serial Entrepreneur: Why I Can’t Stop Starting Over. Jossey-Bass/Wiley, 2007. |
(Skorman 165) |
| Book, two authors | Dorris, Michael, and Louise Erdrich. The Crown of Columbus. HarperCollins Publishers, 1999. | (Dorris and Erdrich 24) |
| Book, three or more authors | Montgomery, Williams, et al. The Quest for Aztec Gold. Penguin, 1994. | (Montgomery et al. 87) |
| Book, editor | Hay, Jeff T., editor. The Fall of the Berlin Wall. Greenhaven Press, 2010. | (Hay 27) |
| Book, two or more editors | Holland, Merline, and Rupert Hart-Davis, editors. The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde. Henry Holt, 2000. | (Holland, et al. 46) |
| Book, corporate author | Time-Life Books. Decade of Triumph, the 40s. Time-Life Books, 1999. | (Time-Life Books 104) |
| Anonymous author/no author given | Primary Colors, a Novel of Politics. Random House, 1996. | (Primary Colors 14) |
| E-book (same but indicate after title) |
Primary Colors, a Novel of Politics. E-book. Random House, 1996. | (Primary Colors 27) |
| MLA Articles | ||
| Item type |
Bibliography |
In-text |
| Article in Magazine (print) | Ottesen, Carole. “Prophet of the Prairie.” The American Gardener, 15 Sept. 2010, pp. 24-28. | (Ottesen 25) |
|
Article in Magazine (database) |
Datnow, Amanda, and Lea Hubbard. "Getting it right. (Letters: feedback)." Psychology Today, vol. 35, no. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2002, pp. 6+. Gale In Context: Biography, www.link.gale.com/apps/doc/A87022715/BIC?u=nclive&sid=summon&xid=2efdcde1. Accessed 1 Aug. 2022. | (Stacey 4) |
|
Article in Magazine (online) |
Moore, Tristana. “Did Negligence Kill Knut the Polar Bear?” Time.com, 22 Mar. 2011, http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2060743,00.html. Acessed 21 Oct. 2022. |
(Moore) |
|
Article in Newspaper (print) |
Boyle, John. “Volvo’s Exit Ripples in Community.” Asheville Citizen-Times, 17 Mar. 2011, p. A1. | (Boyle A1) |
|
Article in Newspaper (online) |
Chavez, Karen. "Mount Mitchell: State's First Park Growing, Poised for Future." The Asheville Citizen Times, 25 Aug. 2016 http://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2016/08/25/mount-mitchell-states-first-park-growing-poised-future/88402754/. Accessed 22 Oct. 2022. |
(Chavez) |
|
Article in Journal (print) |
Howe, Barbara J. “On Stage and in Class: Women Artists in Mid-19th Century Wheeling.” Appalachian Journal, vol. 37, no. 3/4, 2010, pp. 184-209. | (Howe 201) |
|
Article in Journal (online, no page numbers) |
Perkins, Clarence. “The Wealth of the Knight’s Templar in England and the Disposition
of It After Their Dissolution.” The American Historical Review, vol. 15, no. 2, 1910. https://archive.org/stream/jstor-1838333/1838333_djvu.txt. Accessed 22 Oct. 2022. |
(Perkins) |
|
Article in Journal (online, with page numbers) |
Langhamer, Claire. "Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England." Historical Journal, vol. 50, no. 1, 2007, pp. 173-96. ProQuest, doi: 10.1017/S0018246X06005966. Accessed 22 Oct. 2022. |
(Langhamer 176) |
| MLA Other | ||
| Item type |
Bibliography |
In-text |
| Dictionary | “Muster.” Random House Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1999. | (“Muster”) |
|
TV Show |
“Slapsgiving.” How I Met Your Mother, season 3, episode 9, CBS, 19 Nov. 2007. Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/search/how%20i%20met%20?jbv=70143824&jbp=0&jbr=0. | (Slapsgiving) |
| Film or Movie | The Usual Suspects. Directed by Bryan Singer, performances by Kevin Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and Benecio del Toro, Polygram, 1995. | (The Usual Suspects) |
| Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph | Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV. 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid. | (Goya) |
| Social media |
@happyfella “I guess the sun isn't exploding today huh? Alright! Go team! We did it!.” Twitter, 22 Jan. 2022, 4:11a.m., twitter.com/happyfella/status/74742886248258485237. | (@happyfella) |
| Blog post |
Georgeland, Gregory. “Power Naps? No. Short term comas are the way to go.” NapStrategies, 21 Sept. 2021, http://www.napstrategies.com/sep/powernaps. Accessed 5 Apr. 2022. | (Georgeland 2021) |
| YouTube (or other streaming video) |
Wixson, Wimberley. “Horseshoes are not good footwear.” YouTube, uploaded by Big Ideas!, 3 July 2022. www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkdzy9bWW3E. | (Wixson 2022) |
APA Style
American Psychology Association (APA) style is used mainly for social science subjects such as economics, sociology, political science and, of course, psychology. The APA Manual 7th Edition is the latest release.
| APA Books |
||
| Item type |
Bibliography |
In-text |
| Book, one author | Churchill, W. (1949). Their finest hour. Houghton Mifflin. | (Churchill, 1949) |
| Book, two authors | Herrnstein, R., & Murray, C. (1994). The bell curve: intelligence and class structure in American life. New York, NY: Free Press. | (Herrnstein & Murray, 1994 |
| Book, three or more authors | Iverson, C., Christiansen, S., Flanagin, A., Fontanarosa, P. B., Glass, R. M., & Gregoline, B. (2007). AMA manual of style: a guide for authors and editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press | (Iverson, et al., 2007 |
| Book, editor(s) | Piotrowski, N. (Ed.). (2010). Salem health: psychology & mental health. Salem Press. | (Piotrowski, 27) |
| Book, corporate author | National Geographic. (2002). Field guide to the birds of North America. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. | (National Geographic, 2002 |
| Book, anonymous author/no author given | Primary colors: a novel of politics. (1996). New York, NY: Random House. | (Primary colors, 1996) |
| APA Articles | ||
| Item type |
Bibliography |
In-text |
| Article in Magazine (print) | Chamberlin, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008). Enhancing worker well-being: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their research on work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29. | (Chamberlin et al., 2008) |
| Article in Magazine (online) | Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse
of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). https://www.apa.org/monitor/2008/06/ideology |
(Clay, 2008) |
|
Article in Newspaper (print) Section 7.01 |
Bompey, N. (2011, March 30). Hospital saves Health Adventure. The Asheville Citizen-Times, A1, A7. | (Bompey, A1) |
|
Article in Newspaper (online) Section 7.01 |
Wingfield, N., & Guth, R. A. (2011, March 30). Microsoft co-founder hits out at Gates.
The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703806304576233040457546136 |
(Wingfield and Guth) |
|
Article in Journal (no DOI) Section 7.01 |
Light, M. A., & Light, I. H. (2008). The geographic expansion of Mexican immigration in the United States and its implications for local law enforcement. Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal, 8(1), 71-82. | (Light and Light, 75) |
|
Article in Journal (with DOI) Section 7.01 |
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225 |
(Herbst-Damm and Kulik, 228) |
| APA Encyclopedias | ||
| Item type |
Bibliography |
In-text |
| Encyclopedia, author/editor (print) | Seiber, R. (2002). Visual arts of black Africa. In Encyclopedia Americana. (11th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 284-288). Grolier. | (Seiber, 286) |
| Encyclopedia, author/editor (online) | Hooker, R. (2004). Early Japanese visual arts. In Encyclopedia Britannica Online. http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9399848 | (Hooker) |
| Encyclopedia, group author/editor (print) | Encyclopedia Britannica. (2005). Minorca. In Encyclopedia Britannica (15th ed., vol. 8, p. 169). Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. | (Minorca) |
| Encyclopedia, group author/editor (online) | Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Heuristic. (1980). In Merriam-Webster's online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved 22 Oct. 2022 from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic | (Heuristic) |
| APA Other | ||
| Item type |
Bibliography |
In-text |
| Webpage, no author |
Amnesty International. (2022, October 14). Uganda: Scrap draconian law aimed at suppressing freedom of expression online. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/10/uganda-scrap-draconian-law/ |
(Amnesty International) |
| Website, known author |
Cumberland, K.,(2022, September 27). Botswana Youth Share Stories of the Okavango Delta at National Geographic Photo Camp. National Geographic. https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2022/09/27/botswana-youth-share-stories-of-the-okavango-delta-at-national-geographic-photo-camp/ | (Cumberland) |
| DVD, Video, or Film Recording | American Psychological Association. (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically
to patient expressions of sexual attraction [DVD]. APA. |
(American Psychological Association) |
| Social media (tweet example) |
Boxling, William [@ilovehats]. (2022, Jan 2021). My head has grown too large for my hats and I'm worried it's encephalitis [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/ilovehats/status/q987e6q7e. | (Boxling, 2022) |
| Blog post |
Exmondium, Angela. (2017, April 4). Why do cows not make their own ice cream? Super Hot Takes. https://www.superhottakes.net/apr/icecream | (Exmondium, 2017) |
| YouTube or other streaming video |
Grillfoot, J. [Grillfoot]. (2016, July 3). My pancreas whispers to me at night [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJDKBSA6SDV&t=148s | (Grillfoot, 2016) |
JoWM Style
The Journal of Wildlife Management (JoWM) style is used for Fisheries and Wildlife classes. The most recent author guidelines can be found on the journal's website. Always use a colon in-text for page number when quoting or paraphrasing, otherwise author and year are fine.
| JoWM Books | ||
| Item type |
Bibliography |
In-text |
| Book, general format | McCullough, D. R. 1979. The George Reserve deer herd: population ecology of a K-selected species. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. | (McCullough 1979) |
| Book, more than 1 edition | Miller, K. V., and L. Marchinton. 1995. Quality whitetails: the why and how of quality deer management. Stackpole, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA. | (Miller and Marchinton 1995) |
| Book, more than 1 publisher | Sowls, L. K. 1955. Prairie ducks: a study of their behavior, ecology, and management. Stackpole, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D.C., USA. | (Sowls 1955) |
| Book, more than 1 volume | Palmer, R. S. 1976. Handbook of North American birds. Volume 2. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. | (Palmer 1976) |
| Book, editor as author | Temple, S. A., editor. 1978. Endangered birds: management techniques for preserving threatened species. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, USA. | (Temple 1978) |
| Book, chapter (with page number used) |
Zeleny, L. 1978. Nesting box programs for bluebirds and other passerines. Pages 55-60 in S. A. Temple, editor. Endangered birds: management techniques for preserving threatened species. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, USA. | (Zeleneyt 1978:58) |
| JoWM Articles | ||
| Item type |
Bibliography | In-text |
| Journal Article, general format | Miller, M. R. 1986. Molt chronology of northern pintails in California. Journal of Wildlife Management 50:57-64. | (Miller 1986) |
| Steigers, W. D., Jr., and J. T. Flinders. 1980. A breakaway expandable collar for cervids. Journal of Mammalogy 61:150-152. | (Steigers and Flinders 1980:151) |
|
| Journals in Press, year and volume known | Zelenak, J. R., and J. J. Rotella. 1997. Nest success and productivity of ferruginous hawks in northern Montana. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75:in press. | (Zelenak and Rotella 1997) |
| Journals in Press, year and volume unknown | Giudice, J. H., and J. T. Ratti. In press. Biodiversity of wetland ecosystems: review of status and knowledge gaps. Bioscience. | (Giudice and Ratti) |
| Multiple Citations of the Same Author(s) | Peek, J. M. 1963. Appraisal of a moose range in southwestern Montana. Journal of Range Management 16:227-231 | (Peek 1963, 1986; Peek and Rouse 1966; Peek, Lovaas and Rouse 1967; Peek and Lovaas
1968) |
| Peek, J. M. 1986. A review of wildlife management. Pretice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA. | ||
| Peek, J. M., and A. L. Lovaas. 1968. Differential distribution of elk by sex and age on the Gallatin winter range, Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 32:553-557. | ||
| Peek, J. M., A. L. Lovaas, and R. A. Rouse. 1967. Population changes within the Gallatin elk herd, 1932-1965. Journal of Wildlife Management 31:304-316. | ||
| Peek, J. M., and R. A. Rouse. 1966. Preliminary report on population changes within the Gallatin elk herd. Wildlife Science 82:1298-1316. | ||
| Newspaper, Newsletter, and Magazine Article | Associated Press. 1997. Feathers could fly over dove hunting. Columbus Dispatch. 28 December 1997.; section E:15. | (Associated Press 1997) |
| Eisler, P., and J. T. Bukley. 1996. Voters to get a shot at hunting laws. USA Today. 25 April 1996; section A:4 | (Eisler and Bukley 1996) |
|
| Jones-Jolma, D. 1993. The fight to reform trapping in Arizona. The Animals' Agenda. March-April:20-24. | (Jones-Jolma 1993:21) |
|
| JoWM Symposia and Proceedings | ||
| Symposia and Proceedings, complete volume | DeGraaff, R. M., technical coordinator. 1978. Proceedings of workshop on management of southern forests for nongame birds. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report SE-14, Washington, D.C., USA. | (DeGraaf 1978) |
| Symposia and Proceedings, individual article | Dickson, J. G. 1978. Forest bird communities of the bottomland hardwoods. Pages 66-73 in R. M Degraff, technical coordinator. Proceedings of workshop on management of southern forests for nongame birds. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report SE-14, Washington, D.C., USA. | (Dickson 1978:71) |
| Symposia and Proceedings, complete volume not part of a numbered series | McAninch, J. B. 1995. Urban deer: a manageable resource? Proceedings of the symposium of the 55th Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference. North Central Section of The Wildlife Society, 12-14 December 1993, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. | (McAninch 1995:13) |
| Symposia and Proceedings, individual article not part of a numbered series | Stout, S. L., and R. Lawrence. 1996. Deer in Allegheny Plateau forests: learning the lessons of scale. Pages 92-98 in Proceedings of the 1995 Foresters Convention. Society of American Foresters, 28 October-1 November 1995, Portland, Maine, USA. | (Stout and Lawrence 1996) |
| JoWM Government Documents | ||
| Government Publications | Lull, J. W. 1968. A forest atlas of the Northeast. U.S. Forest Service, Northeast Forest and Experiment Station, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, USA. | (Lull 1968) |
| Government Publication, part of a numbered series | Anderson, D. R. 1975. Population ecology of the mallard: V. Temporal and geographic estimates of survival, recovery, and harvest rates. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication, 125, Washington, D.C., USA. | (Anderson 1975) |
| Government Publication, agency as author | National Research Council. 1976. Nutrient requirements of poultry. Seventh edition. National Academy of Science, Washington, D.C., USA. | (National Research Council 1976) |
| JoFW Miscellaneous | ||
| Court Cases | Cite complete title and year of case in text only. No final bibliographic reference. |
(Anthony L. TOGNACI, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee, Dec. 12 1990) |
| Foreign Language Publication | Angulo, E. 2003. Factores que afectan a la distribucion y abundancia del conejo en Andalucia. Dissertation, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. [In Spanish.} | (Angulo 2003) |
| Software Package | SAS Institute. 2001. Version 8.02 user manual. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA. | (SAS Institute 2001) |
| Theses or Dissertations | Brelsford, M. A. 1991. Effects of grazing by wapiti on winter wheat and winter rapeseed, and the effects of simulated wapiti use on winter wheat in northern Idaho. Thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA. | (Brelsford 1991) |
| Tacha, T. C. 1981. Behavior and taxonomy of sandhill cranes from mid-continental North America. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA. | (Tacha 1981:35) |
|
| Web Citation, professional site | Council of Biology Editors [CBE]. 1999. CBE home page. <http://www.councilscienceeditors.org>. Accessed 7 Oct 1999. | (CBE 1999) |
| Web Citation, article in an electronic journal | Browning, T. 1997. Embedded visuals: student design in Web spaces. Kairos: A Journal for Teachers of Writing in Webbed Environments 3(1). <http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/2.1/features/browning/bridge.html>. Accessed 21 Oct 1997. | (Browning 1997) |
| Web Citation: government publication | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]. 2005. National Weather Service internet service team. Monthly precipitation for Reno, Nevada. <http://www.wrh.noaa.gove/rev/hydrology/monthly_precip.php>. Accessed 23 Aug 2005. | (NOAA 2005) |
Chicago Manual of Style
Not the cheesy pizza. Published by the University of Chicago this style, now in its 17th edition, is used by social sciences such as anthropology and history publications. This is very different than the other styles because while the others uses a date in the text such as (Author 1994) and a bibliography at the end for a reader to find the item, Chicago uses footnotes and a bibliography. This means every time you cite a resource you add a number after the relevant section like this1 and a footnote at the end of the page with the same number and the info. You then repeat that item's information in a bibliography at the end of your paper. The below chart show how to do both of these for each kind of item.
Do come see us if you need help.
| Chicago books | ||
| Item |
Bibliography |
Footnote (include page number) |
| Book, one author | Johns, Adrian. The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1998. |
2. Adrian Johns, The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 255. |
| Book, two or more authors (list all authors as they appear not alphabetically) |
Iacocca, Lee and William Novak. Iacocca: an Autobiography. New York: Bantam Books. 1984. |
5. Lee Iacocca and William Novak. Iacocca: an Autobiography. (New York: Bantam Books, 1984). 94-95. |
| Chapter in an edited collection |
Binkley, Cameron. “Saving Redwoods: Clubwomen and Conservation, 1900-1925”. In California Women and Politics: From the Gold Rush to the Great Depression, edited by Robert W. Cherny, Mary Ann Irwin, and Ann Marie Wilson, 151-174. Lincoln:
University of Nebraska Press: 2011. |
3. Cameron Binkley. "Saving Redwoods: Clubwomen and Conservation, 1900-1925," in California Women and Politics: From the Gold Rush to the Great Depression, ed. Robert W. Cherny, Mary Ann Irwin, and Ann Marie Wilson (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press: 2011), 151-174. |
| Translated work |
Perdita, Elena. Parakeets. Translated by Kathy Burke. London: Diphthong Books, 2021. |
8, Elena Perdita. Parakeets, trans. Kathy Burke (London: Diphthong Books, 2021), 23. |
| Introduction, preface, or afterword |
Horseman, Phillip. Introduction to Where Are My Tulips?, xi-xxv. Eloise McGuffin. Chicago: Trailblazer Press, 1978. |
21. Phillip Horseman, introduction to Where Are My Tulips?, Eloise MCGuffin (Chicao: Trailblazer Press, 1978), xxi. |
| Chicago Articles | ||
| Item |
Bibliography |
Footnote |
| Article in Magazine (print) | Martin, Steve. “Sports-Interview Shocker.” The New Yorker, May 6 2002. | 3. Steve Martin, "Sports-Interview Shocker," The New Yorker, May 6 2002, 24. |
| Article in Magazine (online) | van Breugel, Floris. “The Burrowing Owls of the Salton Seas.” Living Bird, Winter, 2010. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/Page.aspx?pid=1771. | 7. Floris van Breugel. “The Burrowing Owls of the Salton Seas.” Living Bird, Winter, 2010, http://www.allaboutbirds.org/Page.aspx?pid=1771. |
| Article in Newspaper (print) | Niederkorn, William S. 2002. “A Scholar Recants on His ‘Shakespeare’ Discovery.” New York Times, June 20, Arts section, Midwest edition. | 6. William Niederkorn, “A Scholar Recants on His ‘Shakespeare’ Discovery, ” New York Times, Jun. 20, 2002. |
| Article in Newspaper (same but with added URL) | Theobald, Bill. “Smokies, Parkway through Asheville Would Close During Federal Shutdown.”
Asheville Citizen-Times, Jan. 9, 2022. http://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2019/01/09/blue-ridge-parkway-great-smoky-mountains-national-park-parks-closed-government-shutdown/2524241002. |
21. Bill Theobold, “Smokies, Parkway through Asheville Would Close During Federal Shutdown," Asheville-Citizen-TImes, Jan. 9, 2022, www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2019/01/09/blue-ridge-parkway-great-smoky-mountains-national-park-parks-closed-government-shutdown/2524241002. |
| Article in Journal (print) | Green, Nancy L.. “The Politics of Exit: Reversing the Immigration Paradigm,” Journal of Modern History no. 77 (June 2005): 263-289. | 14. Nancy L. Green, “The Politics of Exit: Reversing the Immigration Paradigm,” Journal of Modern History no. 77 (June 2005): 263-289. |
| Article in Journal (online) | Shipka, M. P., J. E. Rowell, and M. C. Sousa. "Steroid Hormone Secretion during the
Ovulatory Cycle and Pregnancy in Farmed Alaskan Reindeer." Journal of Animal Science
85, no. 4 (2007): 944-951. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-589. |
31. M. P. Shipka, J. E. Rowell, and M. C. Sousa. "Steroid Hormone Secretion during the Ovulatory Cycle and Pregnancy in Farmed Alaskan Reindeer," Journal of Animal Science 85, no. 4 (2007): 944-951, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-589. |
| Chicago webpages |
||
| Webpage, with author | Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” CNN.com. URL. (Accessed February 1, 2009). | 5. John Smith, "Obama Inaugarated as President," CNN.com, February 1, 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/01/21/politics/obama-inaugurated-as-president/index.html. |
| Webpage, no author provided | CNN. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” CNN.com. URL. (Accessed February 1, 2009). | 12. “Obama Inaugurated as President,” CNN.com, February 1 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/01/21/politics/obama-inaugurated-as-president/index.html. |
| Tweet or other social media site |
Davis, Janet (@JanetD). "I would like to eat some oysters please." Twitter, April
7, 2021. https://twitter.com/JanetD/1039473628292. |
9. Janet Davis, (@JanetD). "I would like to eat some oysters please" Twitter, April 7, 2021, https://twitter.com/JanetD/1039473628292. |
| Podcast episode |
Usman, Ahmed. "212: Are Oysters Gross?". Produced by Usman Productions. Usman's Fancy Hour. September 6, 2018. Podcast, 27:15. https://usmansfasncyhour.com/episodes.212. |
26. Ahmed Usman, "212: Are Oysters Gross?," Produced by Usman Productions, Usman's Fancy Hour, September 6, 2018, podcast, 27:15. https://usmansfasncyhour.com/episodes.212.Online |
| Blog post | Blogs should be footnote only in Chicago style. If you frequently cite a blog in a
paper you can however choose to include it. |
29. Opal F. Ginderwald, "I Got Opinions on Oysters, Man," Shellfish Rants (blog), October 6, 2019, https://shellfishrants.blogspot.com/2019/10/oyster-opinions.html. |
| YouTube or other online videos |
Dickinson, Frances. "Oysters or mussels? In fact neither." Frances and Food. February
7, 2022. Video. 2:17. https:youtu.be/GSHVy-363581. |
14. Frances Dickinson, "Oysters or mussels? In fact neither," Frances and Food, February 7, 2022, video, 2:17, https:youtu.be/GSHVy-363581. |